متى
نستخدم الماضي التام ؟!
نستخدم الماضي التام عندما تكون
عندنا جملة فيها حدثين حصلا في الماضي ونريد أن نبين بأن الحدث الأول سبق
الحدث الثاني.مثلا:
البارحة؛ شاهدت
التلفزيون بعد ذالك ذهبت
إلى الفراش. (في
هذه الجملة يوجد حدثين. الأول هو مشاهدة التلفزيون و الثاني هو الذهاب
إلى الفراش. لكي نميز في اللغة الإنجليزية بأن الحدث الأول وقع قبل الحدث
الثاني نضع الفعل في الحدث الأول في الماضي التام ونضع الفعل في الحدث
الثاني في الماضي البسيط) فنقول:
Last night , after I
had watched television I
went to bed
البارحة بعدما شاهدت التلفزيون
ذهبت إلى الفراش
كيف يتكون الماضي التام؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون التام بوضع
had
+
past participle
played
|
had |
I
|
played
|
had |
You
|
played
|
had |
He
|
played
|
had |
She
|
played
|
had |
It
|
played
|
had |
We
|
played
|
had |
You
|
played
|
had |
They
|
كيف يتكون النفي في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون النفي في الماضي التام بوضع كلمة
not
بين
had
و
past participle
.
played
|
not
|
had |
I
|
played
|
not
|
had |
You
|
played
|
not
|
had |
He
|
played
|
not
|
had |
She
|
played
|
not
|
had |
It
|
played
|
not
|
had |
We
|
played
|
not
|
had |
You
|
played
|
not
|
had |
They
|
كيف
نطرح السؤال في الماضي التام؟(
نأخذ فعل
play
كمثال)
يتكون السؤال في الماضي التام بوضع
had
مكان الفاعل و الفاعل مكان had
played?
|
I
|
had |
played?
|
You
|
had |
played?
|
He
|
had |
played?
|
She
|
had |
played?
|
It
|
had |
played?
|
We
|
had |
played?
|
You
|
had |
played?
|
They
|
had |
ملاحظة:
يمكن أن نستخدم الصيغة الكاملة لكلمة
had
أو الصيغة المختصرة
d' و
يبقى المعنى هو نقسه.
I
had watched television
أو
I'd watched
television
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